If you're researching TRT in Australia, you're not alone. Thousands of Australian men are now seeking treatment for symptoms they've lived with for years — fatigue, low libido, brain fog, mood changes, and loss of muscle mass — only to discover that low testosterone is the underlying cause.
This guide covers everything: who TRT is for, how to get it legally in Australia, what it costs, what to expect from treatment, eligibility criteria, and how to choose between a GP, endocrinologist, or specialist TRT clinic. It is the most comprehensive TRT Australia resource available — written and medically reviewed by practising doctors, not marketers.
What Is Testosterone Replacement Therapy?
Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) in Australia is a prescription-only medical treatment for men diagnosed with clinically low testosterone (hypogonadism). It involves restoring testosterone to healthy physiological levels through injections, gels, or creams — under the supervision of a registered Australian doctor.
TRT is not about achieving artificially high testosterone. The goal is symptom resolution — bringing levels back into the upper half of the normal reference range using the lowest effective dose, while minimising side effects.
What Does Testosterone Do?
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone. It plays a far broader role in men's health than most people realise. Testosterone is responsible for sex drive (libido) and erectile function, muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, bone mineral density, mood regulation and emotional stability, energy levels and motivation, red blood cell production, mental clarity, focus, and cognitive function, fat distribution and body composition, and overall sense of well-being.
Testosterone levels naturally begin to decline from around age 30, at a rate of approximately 1–2% per year. For most men, this decline is gradual. But for a significant number, levels drop faster or start from a lower baseline — leading to persistent symptoms that affect work, relationships, and quality of life.
When symptoms are ongoing and confirmed by blood tests showing low testosterone, TRT may be medically appropriate.
Symptoms of Low Testosterone in Men
Low testosterone doesn't always present the way people expect. It's not just about the gym or the bedroom — it affects nearly every system in the body.
Common Symptoms
The most common symptoms of low testosterone in Australian men include:
- Persistent fatigue or low energy that doesn't improve with sleep
- Reduced sex drive or erectile difficulties
- Loss of muscle mass or strength, even with regular exercise
- Increased body fat, particularly around the midsection
- Depressed mood, irritability, or emotional flatness
- Poor concentration, brain fog, or memory problems
- Lack of motivation or drive
- Disrupted sleep or poor sleep quality
- Reduced overall sense of well-being and confidence
Many men live with these symptoms for years, attributing them to stress, ageing, or poor lifestyle habits. In many cases, a straightforward blood test reveals that low testosterone is a significant contributing factor.
When Should You Get Tested?
If you're experiencing three or more of the symptoms above and they've persisted for several weeks or months, it's worth getting a blood test. This is especially true if you're over 30, have a history of obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic stress, prior anabolic steroid use, or sleep apnoea.
It's important to note that these symptoms overlap with other conditions — depression, thyroid disorders, and chronic fatigue can all present similarly. A comprehensive blood test is the only way to confirm whether low testosterone is the cause.
Is TRT Legal in Australia?
Yes. TRT is completely legal in Australia when prescribed by an AHPRA-registered medical practitioner.
Testosterone is classified as a Schedule 4 (prescription-only) and Schedule 8 (controlled) substance under Australian law, regulated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). This means:
- You must have a valid prescription from a registered doctor (GP, endocrinologist, or urologist)
- Testosterone cannot legally be possessed or supplied without a prescription
- Importing testosterone without authorisation is illegal under Australian law
- All prescriptions must be based on a confirmed clinical diagnosis of hypogonadism, supported by pathology
Some men attempt to source testosterone through overseas pharmacies or unregulated channels. This is not only illegal but carries genuine health risks — unregulated products may be contaminated, incorrectly dosed, or counterfeit. Using testosterone without medical supervision and regular blood monitoring can lead to serious complications.
The legal, medically supervised pathway is straightforward, safe, and increasingly accessible through specialist TRT clinics in Australia.
How to Get TRT in Australia: Step by Step
Getting TRT in Australia follows a clear medical process. There are two main pathways: through a GP or endocrinologist, or through a specialist TRT clinic. Here's how each works — and why the approach matters.
Option 1: Through a Specialist TRT Clinic (Like Hormn)
Specialist TRT clinics focus exclusively on diagnosing and treating low testosterone. This means their doctors have deep experience managing TRT patients, use evidence-based protocols, and provide comprehensive ongoing monitoring.
Here's how the process works with Hormn — Australia's largest and highest-rated TRT clinic, with over 600 five-star reviews and thousands of patients treated over three years:
Step 1: Create an Account
Sign up through the Hormn web app. The entire process is designed to be completed remotely from anywhere in Australia.
Step 2: Comprehensive Blood Test
Everything starts with pathology. Hormn provides a referral for a comprehensive blood panel that can be completed at any Healius pathology centre across Australia. Results are returned within 24–48 hours.
This is not a basic testosterone check. The panel includes:
- Total Testosterone and Free Testosterone — the two key diagnostic markers
- SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin) — determines how much testosterone is bioavailable
- FSH and LH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinising Hormone) — help identify whether low testosterone is primary (testicular) or secondary (pituitary)
- Prolactin — elevated levels may indicate a pituitary issue
- PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) — essential prostate health screening before starting testosterone
- Full Blood Examination — includes haematocrit, haemoglobin, and white cell count
- Liver Function and Kidney Function — ensures organ function is stable
- Glucose — screens for diabetes and metabolic issues
- LDL and HDL Cholesterol — assesses cardiovascular risk
This panel gives a complete picture of hormonal health, organ function, cardiovascular risk, and prostate safety. It helps rule out underlying conditions and confirms whether it's safe to begin treatment.
Important: Testosterone should be tested in the morning when levels are at their peak. A fasting blood test is recommended for accurate glucose and lipid results.
Step 3: Complete the Health Questionnaire
Before your doctor consultation, you'll fill out a health questionnaire covering your symptoms, medical history, current medications, and lifestyle. This gives your doctor essential context beyond the numbers — two men with identical pathology can have very different symptom profiles.
Step 4: Doctor Consultation
An AHPRA-registered doctor reviews your blood test results alongside your questionnaire and symptoms during a 20-minute phone consultation. During this consultation, your doctor will:
- Explain your results and what they mean
- Assess whether you meet the clinical criteria for TRT
- Discuss available treatment options
- Review any risks or considerations specific to your health
- Create a personalised treatment plan if you're eligible
This is a genuine medical consultation, not a rubber stamp. If TRT isn't appropriate, your doctor will explain why and may recommend further investigation or lifestyle changes.
Step 5: Start Treatment
If eligible, your treatment plan — including prescribed medication, dosage, and administration instructions — is available in your patient portal. You order medication directly through the portal, and your prescription is transferred to a partner pharmacy. Medication is dispatched within 24 hours and delivered to your door via express post.
Step 6: Ongoing Monitoring and Support
TRT requires regular monitoring to ensure levels are optimal, side effects are managed, and health markers remain stable. With Hormn, your monthly subscription includes:
- Unlimited doctor consultations
- Access to a personalised patient portal with treatment plans and doctor notes
- Follow-up blood tests at the 8-week mark and every 4 months
- Dose adjustments based on pathology and symptom response
- Ongoing patient support
This level of monitoring is what separates medically supervised TRT from dangerous self-administration.
Option 2: Through a GP or Endocrinologist
You can also pursue TRT through the traditional healthcare system — via your local GP with a referral to an endocrinologist or urologist.
This pathway can work, but there are some common frustrations men experience:
PBS restrictions are very narrow. If your doctor follows the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) guidelines strictly, TRT is only subsidised when total testosterone is at or below 6 nmol/L — well below the clinical threshold for hypogonadism, which most guidelines define as below 8–12 nmol/L. Many men with genuinely low testosterone and significant symptoms fall outside PBS criteria and are told they don't qualify.
Free testosterone is often not tested. Many GPs only check total testosterone. Free testosterone — the bioavailable fraction that actually drives symptom resolution — is equally important and frequently overlooked.
Wait times can be long. Referrals to endocrinologists in the public system can take weeks or months.
Treatment protocols may be less flexible. GPs and endocrinologists who don't specialise in TRT may use less frequent injection schedules, which can cause hormonal fluctuations — periods of feeling good followed by a crash before the next dose. Specialist clinics typically use more frequent, lower-dose protocols that maintain stable blood levels.
Side effect management may be limited. Doctors without extensive TRT experience may not prescribe supportive medications to manage estrogen-related side effects or preserve fertility when clinically indicated.
This isn't a criticism of GPs or endocrinologists — many provide excellent care. But the reality is that TRT is a niche area of medicine, and doctors who manage hundreds or thousands of TRT patients will naturally have more refined protocols and experience than those who see a handful per year.
TRT Eligibility: Who Qualifies in Australia?
Not every man who feels tired or low is a candidate for TRT. There are clear clinical criteria that must be met before treatment can be prescribed.
Testosterone Level Thresholds
You may be eligible for TRT if:
- Free Testosterone is below 350 pmol/L, or
- Total Testosterone is below 13 nmol/L
If your levels are above these thresholds, TRT is unlikely to be prescribed. In these cases, symptoms may be caused by other factors — stress, poor sleep, nutritional deficiencies, or other medical conditions — and your doctor may recommend lifestyle modifications or further investigation.
Other Health Markers That Must Be Within Range
Before TRT can be prescribed, several other markers must be assessed:
- PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): Must be normal or low. Elevated PSA requires further investigation before testosterone can be prescribed.
- Prolactin: Must be under 400. Elevated prolactin may indicate a pituitary condition requiring separate treatment.
- Haematocrit (HCT): Must be 0.51 or lower. Testosterone can increase red blood cell production, so a baseline that's already elevated needs to be addressed first.
- Liver and Kidney Function: Must be stable. Compromised organ function may make TRT unsuitable or require closer monitoring.
- Glucose: Must be 6.0 or lower. Elevated glucose suggests diabetes or metabolic issues that should be managed alongside any hormonal treatment.
- FSH and LH: Any reading is acceptable — these are diagnostic markers that help determine the cause of low testosterone rather than eligibility criteria.
If any markers are outside acceptable ranges, your doctor may request a repeat test or recommend you visit your GP for further investigation before proceeding.
Who Is NOT a Candidate for TRT?
TRT is not prescribed if you have:
- Untreated sleep apnoea
- Active or suspected prostate cancer
- Uncontrolled diabetes, liver, or kidney disease
- A prolactinoma (prolactin-secreting pituitary tumour)
- A recent heart attack or stroke within the past 6 months
- Blood test results within the normal range
- Symptoms that are more likely caused by other conditions (e.g., depression, high stress, poor sleep)
If you're actively trying to conceive in the next 6–12 months, TRT is generally not recommended as testosterone replacement can suppress sperm production. However, fertility-preserving medications can be prescribed alongside TRT in some cases if clinically appropriate.
Your doctor will make the final determination based on your clinical history, symptoms, and pathology.
How Much Does TRT Cost in Australia?
One of the most common questions men have about TRT in Australia is cost. Here's a transparent breakdown of what to expect with Hormn:
Initial Costs
Comprehensive Blood Test $182
Referral for a full hormonal and health panel at any Healius pathology centre. Results in 24–48 hours.
Initial Doctor Consultation $150
20-minute phone consultation with an AHPRA-registered doctor. Includes diagnosis, treatment plan, and prescription if eligible.
Ongoing Costs
Monthly Subscription $120/month
Unlimited doctor consultations, personalised treatment plan, patient portal access, and ongoing patient support.
Medication~$230 every 2–3 months
Varies depending on prescribed treatment and dosage. Some patients may require more.
Injection Supplies $50 per kit
Needles and syringes — one kit lasts the full length of a medication supply. Included with each medication order.
Follow-Up Blood Tests $175 each
Done at the 8-week mark and every 4 months thereafter to monitor levels and health markers.
What Does That Work Out To Monthly?
For a typical patient, ongoing TRT costs approximately $170–$300 per month — covering the subscription, medication, supplies, and blood tests averaged out over time.
This is comparable to many common prescriptions and health memberships, with the key difference being that TRT includes unlimited doctor access, regular pathology, and ongoing clinical oversight.
Does Medicare or Private Health Insurance Cover TRT?
TRT medication may be partially covered under the PBS if you meet the very strict criteria (total testosterone at or below 6 nmol/L). Most men who pursue TRT through specialist clinics fall outside PBS eligibility — their levels are clinically low but above the PBS threshold.
Private health insurance generally does not cover TRT consultations or medication through specialist clinics, though some extras cover may contribute toward pathology costs. Check with your insurer directly.
What Treatment Options Are Available for TRT in Australia?
In Australia, the TGA has approved several forms of testosterone replacement therapy. Due to Australian advertising regulations, we cannot list specific medication names on this page — but here's what you need to know about the treatment forms available.
Testosterone Injections
Injections are the most common and effective form of TRT prescribed in Australia. They are typically administered intramuscularly (into the muscle) at home using small-gauge needles — most patients find the process straightforward after initial guidance.
Specialist clinics typically prescribe frequent, lower-dose injection schedules (2–3 times per week) to maintain stable testosterone levels and avoid the hormonal peaks and troughs associated with less frequent protocols. This approach minimises side effects and provides more consistent symptom relief.
Transdermal Testosterone (Cream or Gel)
Testosterone cream or gel is applied to the skin daily. It's a suitable option for men who prefer not to use needles or have specific clinical reasons for avoiding injections.
However, transdermal options can have absorption variability — meaning blood levels may fluctuate more than with injections. Efficacy can also be affected by sweating, showering, and skin contact with others (particularly women and children, who should avoid exposure).
Which Option Is Best?
Your prescribing doctor will recommend the most appropriate form based on your symptoms, lifestyle, blood work, and medical history. The majority of men on TRT in Australia opt for injections due to their reliability and effectiveness.
Supporting Medications
In some cases, your doctor may also prescribe additional medications to manage specific side effects (such as estrogen-related symptoms), preserve fertility if you're trying to conceive, or optimise treatment outcomes based on follow-up blood work.
These are only prescribed if clinically indicated — they are not routine and are based on your individual pathology and response to treatment.
What to Expect on TRT: A Realistic Timeline
TRT is not an overnight transformation. Improvement is gradual and builds over time. Here's a realistic timeline based on what most patients experience:
Weeks 1–4: The Foundation Phase
Most patients won't notice dramatic changes in the first month. Some may experience subtle improvements in energy or sleep quality, but for most, the body is still adjusting. This is completely normal.
Weeks 4–6: Early Signs of Change
Slight improvements in energy, mood, or sex drive begin for some patients. These are early signals that treatment is taking effect, but they're often subtle rather than dramatic.
Weeks 6–8: Meaningful Improvement
This is where most patients start to notice real changes. Mood and motivation often lift, energy levels become more consistent, mental clarity improves, and libido may increase. Muscle recovery from training may also begin to improve.
Week 8: First Follow-Up Blood Test
At the 8-week mark, a follow-up blood test checks your testosterone levels and other key markers. If levels aren't yet optimal or symptoms haven't improved sufficiently, your doctor will adjust the dose. This is a critical checkpoint — TRT is not "set and forget."
Weeks 8–16: Accelerating Results
Symptoms continue to improve across the board. Energy, mood, libido, body composition, and cognitive function often see significant gains during this period. Results are compounded when combined with consistent training, good nutrition, and quality sleep.
Weeks 16–26: Maturation Phase
Improvements become more noticeable and consistent. Strength gains, improved body composition, enhanced libido, and stable mood are commonly reported. Most patients feel substantially better than they did before starting treatment.
Week 26 and Beyond: Long-Term Stability
By this point, most symptoms are significantly reduced or fully resolved. Benefits stabilise, and ongoing blood tests and doctor check-ins ensure your treatment remains optimised.
The key takeaway: TRT works, but it's a marathon, not a sprint. The men who get the best results combine treatment with genuine lifestyle improvements — consistent exercise, proper nutrition, and prioritising sleep.
Is TRT Safe? Risks, Side Effects, and Long-Term Safety
When medically supervised with regular blood monitoring, TRT is considered safe and effective for men with diagnosed hypogonadism. Like any medical treatment, it carries potential side effects that must be monitored and managed.
Potential Side Effects
- Increased haematocrit (red blood cell count): Testosterone stimulates red blood cell production. If haematocrit rises too high, it can increase the risk of blood clots. This is why regular full blood count monitoring is essential.
- Estrogen-related effects: Some testosterone converts to estrogen via a process called aromatisation. This can occasionally cause water retention, mood changes, or breast tissue sensitivity. When detected via blood work, it can be managed with appropriate medication.
- Acne or oily skin: More common in the early stages of treatment and typically manageable.
- Suppression of natural testosterone production: Exogenous testosterone signals the body to reduce its own production. This is expected and is why TRT is typically a long-term commitment.
- Impact on fertility: TRT can reduce sperm production. Men who are planning to conceive should discuss fertility preservation options with their doctor before starting.
- Prostate considerations: TRT does not cause prostate cancer, but it is not prescribed in men with active prostate cancer. Regular PSA monitoring is part of standard TRT oversight.
What Gets Monitored?
A responsible TRT clinic will monitor the following markers at regular intervals:
- Total and Free Testosterone
- Estradiol
- Haematocrit and Haemoglobin
- Lipid profile (cholesterol)
- Liver function
- PSA (prostate-specific antigen)
- General health markers
With Hormn, follow-up blood tests are conducted at the 8-week mark and every 4 months thereafter. Your doctor reviews every result and adjusts your treatment plan accordingly.
Long-Term Safety
Research supports the long-term safety of TRT when properly supervised. The key is consistent monitoring — the men who run into problems are almost always those self-medicating without medical oversight or blood work. Under professional care with regular pathology, TRT is a well-established, evidence-based medical treatment.
Why Do Some Men Have Low Testosterone?
Low testosterone can be caused by a wide range of factors. Understanding the potential cause helps your doctor tailor the most effective treatment approach.
Common Causes
Ageing: Testosterone naturally declines with age, sometimes referred to as andropause or "male menopause." While some decline is normal, a significant drop can cause debilitating symptoms.
Obesity: Increased body fat — particularly visceral fat around the midsection — promotes the conversion of testosterone to estrogen through aromatisation. This creates a cycle where low testosterone makes it harder to lose fat, and excess fat further suppresses testosterone.
Chronic stress: Sustained elevated cortisol levels can directly suppress testosterone production.
Prior anabolic steroid use: Men who have previously used anabolic steroids may experience permanent suppression of their body's natural testosterone production (the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis).
Medical conditions: Type 2 diabetes, sleep apnoea, chronic liver or kidney disease, pituitary disorders, and genetic conditions (such as Klinefelter syndrome) can all contribute to low testosterone.
Medications: Certain medications — including opioids, corticosteroids, and some antidepressants — can suppress testosterone production.
Lifestyle factors: Poor sleep, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and nutritional deficiencies (particularly zinc and vitamin D) can all contribute to suboptimal levels.
In many cases, the exact cause isn't clear-cut — it's a combination of factors. Your blood work (particularly FSH and LH levels) helps your doctor determine whether the issue originates in the testes (primary hypogonadism) or the pituitary gland (secondary hypogonadism), which directly influences the treatment approach.
Choosing a TRT Clinic in Australia: What to Look For
With TRT becoming more mainstream in Australia, the number of clinics has grown. Not all are equal. Here's what to consider when choosing a provider.
Medical Credentials and Oversight
Every consultation should be conducted by an AHPRA-registered medical practitioner. Look for clinics with qualified medical oversight — ideally with a named medical director or chief medical officer whose credentials you can verify.
Hormn's Chief Medical Officer is Professor André Van Zundert — Professor and Chair of Anaesthesiology at the University of Queensland, a globally cited researcher with over 500 scientific publications, and the recipient of the AMA's 2024 Excellence in Healthcare Award.
Comprehensive Blood Work
Be wary of any clinic that prescribes TRT without thorough pathology. A responsible clinic will test well beyond just total testosterone — including free testosterone, SHBG, FSH, LH, prolactin, PSA, liver and kidney function, lipids, glucose, and full blood count.
Transparent Pricing
You should know exactly what you're paying before you start. Avoid clinics with hidden fees, vague pricing, or costs that only become clear after you've committed.
Ongoing Monitoring
TRT is a long-term treatment. The clinic you choose should include regular follow-up blood tests, unlimited or accessible doctor consultations, and a process for adjusting your treatment based on results. Any clinic that prescribes TRT without regular blood monitoring is not providing an acceptable standard of care.
Patient Reviews and Track Record
Look for verified patient reviews and a proven track record. Hormn is Australia's highest-rated and largest TRT clinic, with over 600 five-star reviews, thousands of patients, and three years of operation.
Avoid Red Flags
Be cautious of clinics that promise dramatic or guaranteed results, don't require blood tests before prescribing, offer no ongoing monitoring, use aggressive or misleading marketing, or are unwilling to share their doctors' credentials.
TRT in Australia vs. Going Through the PBS
One of the biggest sources of confusion for Australian men is the difference between getting TRT through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and through a private clinic.
The PBS Pathway
Under the PBS, testosterone medication is subsidised — but the eligibility criteria are extremely restrictive. The PBS generally requires total testosterone to be at or below 6 nmol/L (on two separate occasions) for subsidised treatment. This is far below the threshold where most clinical guidelines define hypogonadism (typically 8–12 nmol/L).
This means many men with genuinely low testosterone, significant symptoms, and clear clinical need fall outside PBS criteria and are told they don't qualify — even though their levels are well below optimal.
The Private Clinic Pathway
Private TRT clinics use evidence-based clinical criteria rather than PBS thresholds. Treatment decisions are based on a combination of pathology, symptoms, and clinical assessment — not a rigid government subsidy threshold.
The trade-off is cost: without PBS subsidy, you pay for blood tests, consultations, and medication out of pocket. For many men, the investment is worthwhile given the significant impact on quality of life, productivity, and long-term health.
Frequently Asked Questions About TRT in Australia
How long does it take to start TRT?
With Hormn, the process from sign-up to starting treatment can take as little as 1–2 weeks — depending on how quickly you complete your blood test and consultation. This is significantly faster than the GP-to-endocrinologist referral pathway, which can take weeks or months.
Is TRT a lifetime commitment?
TRT is typically a long-term treatment. Because exogenous testosterone suppresses the body's own production, stopping treatment will usually result in testosterone levels returning to pre-treatment levels (or lower). Most men who start TRT continue indefinitely because of the sustained improvement in quality of life.
Can I get TRT if I'm under 30?
Yes, if blood work confirms clinically low testosterone and symptoms are present. Low testosterone is not exclusively an age-related condition — it can affect men in their 20s due to genetic factors, prior steroid use, medical conditions, or other causes.
Will TRT affect my fertility?
TRT can suppress sperm production, which may impact fertility. If you're planning to conceive in the near future, discuss this with your doctor before starting. Fertility-preserving medications can be prescribed alongside TRT in some cases.
Can I travel with TRT medication?
Yes, but you should carry your prescription documentation when travelling domestically or internationally. Testosterone is a controlled substance, and having proof of prescription avoids any issues at customs or airport security.
Do I need to inject myself?
If your doctor prescribes injectable testosterone, you will self-administer at home. Most patients find this straightforward after initial guidance. The needles used are small-gauge, and the process becomes routine quickly. If needles are not an option for you, transdermal cream or gel may be an alternative.
What happens if my blood test shows I'm not eligible?
If your testosterone levels are within the normal range, TRT won't be prescribed. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes — improved sleep, nutrition, exercise, stress management, and weight loss — which can naturally support healthy testosterone levels. In some cases, a retest at a later date may be recommended.
Take the First Step
If you're experiencing symptoms of low testosterone and want to find out whether TRT is right for you, the process starts with a blood test.
Hormn is Australia's largest and highest-rated TRT clinic — with over 600 five-star reviews, thousands of patients, and medical oversight from Professor André Van Zundert, one of Australia's most decorated doctors.
Here's how to get started:
- Create a Hormn account at hormn.com
- Order your comprehensive blood test ($182)
- Complete your health questionnaire
- Book your doctor consultation ($150)
- If eligible, start treatment — medication delivered to your door within days
Your subscription ($120/month) includes unlimited consultations, a personalised treatment plan, patient portal access, and ongoing clinical support.
This article is intended for general informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. TRT is a prescription-only treatment that requires a clinical diagnosis from a registered Australian medical practitioner. Eligibility restrictions apply. Individual results vary. Always consult a qualified doctor before starting any medical treatment.
Last updated: February 2026 | Medically reviewed by Professor André Van Zundert, PhD, FANZA, FRCA, FRSM — Chief Medical Officer, Hormn
